dam terminology

alphabet

word	furigana	meaning
CFRD	CFRD	The term "Concrete Face Rockfill Dam" is an abbreviation of "Concrete Face Rockfill Dam", which translates directly to "Concrete Intercepting Rockfill Dam(?)". Concrete Face Rockfill Dam. The upstream face of a rockfill dam is covered with concrete to prevent water from seeping into the embankment.
DWL	DWL	→Design flood level
light-water reactor	light-water reactor	→Minimum water level
NWL	NWL	→ Always full water level
RCD	RCD	This is an application of RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete), a construction method originally used for airport runway pavement in the United States and road pavement in Japan, to dams. Abbreviation of "Roller Compacted Dam-concrete method.
SWL	SWL	→ Surcharge water level

"a" column or row of the kana syllabary

word	furigana	meaning
earth dam	ahsudamu (tile matching the base of a kong) (mahjong)	Also known as an "earth-fill dam. This is a dam made by layering earth as the material. Because it is relatively easy to construct, it is not suited for large-scale dams, but rather for small-scale dams such as reservoirs.
arch dam	jeer at	Also known as an "arched concrete dam" or "arched dam. The shape of the dam allows the water pressure of the dam lake received by the embankment to be dispersed to the bedrock on either side of the embankment, thus making the embankment itself thinner and reducing construction costs. However, this type of dam is only suitable for construction on bedrock that can support a considerable amount of water pressure.
right bank (shore), ,left bank (of a river)	Ugan, Saigan.	Looking in the downstream direction, the right side is the "right bank" and the left side is the "left bank.
orifice gate	Orihui Street	A discharge gate installed at a depth of less than 25 m below the permanently full water level regulates the water level of the dam lake and the amount of water flowing downstream.

classification for Japanese verb with the dictionary form ending in "ku

word	furigana	meaning
river law	undersea navigation system	According to Article 1 of the River Law, its purpose is "to provide for the protection of the rivers andfloodThe purpose of the river basin is to contribute to the preservation and development of the national land and thereby maintain public safety and promote public welfare through comprehensive management of the river basin so that disasters caused by storm surges and other disasters are prevented, the river is used appropriately, the normal function of running water is maintained, and the river environment is improved and preserved. The article also states that dams are to be managed in accordance with Article 44-51. The description of dams is found in Articles 44-51, which states, "A dam (a dam installed with a license under Article 26, Paragraph 1, for storing or taking water from a river, the height of which is 15 m or more from the foundation to the top of the embankment; the same shall apply hereinafter) is a structure that is designed and constructed for the purpose of retaining or taking water from a river. The same shall apply hereinafter). In the event that the condition of a river changes due to the installation of said dam and the function of said river at the time of flooding is reduced, the person who installs such dam (which means a dam with a height of 15 m or more from the foundation ground to the top of the embankment) as specified by a Cabinet Order shall install facilities necessary to maintain said function or take alternative measures in accordance with the instructions of the river administrator. The following is a summary of the provisions of the Act.
Temporary drainage tunnel	pseudo-DISMISSION SUMMARY	When a dam is constructed, a tunnel is dug from upstream to downstream of the dam site to dam up the river, thus diverting the overflowing upstream water downstream.
corridor connecting an annex to a pond-side building (in traditional palatial-style architecture)	inspector	A passageway used to check for damage inside the dam embankment. Normally, it is off-limits to all but authorized personnel. However, if the dam is designated as a "dam open to the community," it may be used as a tour course.
Foundation Ground	bulletin board system	Indicates the ground that is used to support the weight of the dam. Depending on the dam, the foundation ground may be quite deep. Incidentally, the embankment height, which indicates the height of the dam, is the height measured from the foundation to the top of the embankment.
base high-flow-rate	basic multiple-loading	This is the condition of the river before the dam was constructed, and refers to the river flow at the time of a flood that is expected to occur once every 100 years (1/100 chance flow rate). Takamizu" is used to avoid mistakenly reading the word "kozui" as "high water.
reverse osmosis pond	inversion of the word order in a sentence	They exist in large hydroelectric power plants where the flow increases during the day and decreases at night. A dam also built downstream of a power plant to store water is called a "reverse control reservoir," and a certain amount of water is released to regulate the downstream flow.
catwalk	Kyatooke	A narrow passageway installed downstream of the embankment wall, especially in concrete dams, for work during the construction phase of the dam and for inspection after completion.
crest gate	heaven given to me by God	It is mainly used for emergency flood discharge and is installed at the crest of the dam.
Planned composting capacity	planning capacity	Capacity of sediment assumed to flow into the dam lake over a 100-year period.
Planned high water flow rate	planned multiple-loading	In contrast to the "basic high water flow rate," this indicates the river flow rate when flooding is regulated by a dam after the dam is constructed. As with the "basic high water flow rate," this reading is also called "takamizu" to avoid mistakenly reading "takamizu" as "kozui" (meaning "high water" in Japanese).
cable crane	"Beaubourg-en" (trademarked development name of mifepristone)	A crane used in dam construction to transport materials. It carries the material from the aggregate plant to the dam embankment, so cables are usually stretched across the dam.
momentum reducer	primary school	The water flowing out of the flood discharge is so vigorous that it could scour the water fall area, which is prevented.
rough-coated rock	gap (in a mountain ridge)	A mountain from which materials needed to build a dam are extracted.
flood	flood	A flood occurs when the flow from upstream to the dam lake is higher than usual, even if the dam is not overflowing.
flood season	taro stems	This refers to periods of high precipitation, such as the rainy season and typhoon season (mainly from June to October). Therefore, the water level of the dam lake is lower just before the flood season.
Flood stage limit water level	area constrained water	A water level established at a dam for the purpose of flood control, which prevents flooding by lowering the water level below the full water level at all times.
Flood control capacity	high capacity (e.g. nuclear reactor)	The flood control capacity is the surcharge water level minus the flood stage limit water level. Flood control is carried out within this capacity.
Flood discharge	floodwall gate	A gate facility used to channel water from a dam lake downstream. The "gate" is a facility that allows water to flow downstream from a dam.ordinary flood dischargeand "emergency flood dischargeThere are two types of "A" and "B".
flood capacity	high capacity	Capacity from the permanent full water level or flood stage limit to the surcharge level.
aggregate	aggregate	It is a raw material for concrete.
conduit	patiently (endure)	→ Water discharge pipe

"sa" column or row of the kana syllabary

word	furigana	meaning
surcharge water level	tea water purification system	Surcharge means "overload" or "overload" and refers to the level at which water can be stored in a dam lake to its limit during a flood.
minimum water level	the most appropriate	It refers to the water level at the top of the sediment, assuming that the sediment capacity of the dam is horizontal.
experimental flood	ultrathinness	This is a test to check for any problems with the dam after it is completed. The water is stored up to the surcharge level and then reduced to the minimum level.
dead-water capacity	water consumption	The volume between the top of the sediment capacity and the lowest water level.
gravity arch dam	gravitational atomosphere	This dam has the advantages of both gravity and arch concrete dams.
gravity-fed concrete dam	gravitational root-crystal program	The dam is made of concrete and can support water pressure by the weight of the embankment itself.
normal level of water supply	holding one's head high	The highest water level that can be stored in a dam lake for water utilization purposes.
ordinary flood discharge	(one's) traveling companions	A gate that regulates the flow of water downstream from a dam lake.
water rights	water rights	Rights to use water from rivers and other sources. As for dams, they are divided into agricultural water, water for water supply, industrial water, etc.
design flood level	design layout	The water level of the dam lake at the time of the dam's maximum flood, which is expected to occur about once every 200 years at a given time.
selective water withdrawal	selective water	To take water from the dam lake, which varies in temperature and turbidity depending on its depth, for different purposes.
Total storage capacity	total allowable use	It is the sum of sediment capacity, dead water capacity, water diversion capacity, and flood control capacity.

classification for Japanese verb with the dictionary form ending in "tsu

word	furigana	meaning
sediment level	(proper) format (e.g. of an essay)	The height of the top surface when the planned composting capacity is leveled and composted.
Composting capacity	tolerance level	→ Planned sediment capacity
dam	deceive	If Article 44 of the River Law is to be used as the definition of a dam, it is defined as "a dam installed to store or withdraw running water from a river, the height of which is 15 m or more from the foundation ground to the top of the embankment.
dam-site	debtor from a defeated country	Dam Location.
dam axis	dumminess	A line based on the upstream face of the dam top.
Dam top elevation	leaving a market indicating a change in an item's price	Height from sea level to top edge?
multipurpose dam	multi-purpose program	A single dam serves multiple purposes, including flood control, power generation, industry, and irrigation.
Reservoir area	freshwater area	Area of dammed lake at full water level at all times.
Hollow gravity dam	hollow-resistance operation	A gravity concrete dam with a hollowed-out embankment.
Bank height	resistance	Dam Height. The height from the foundation ground to the top of the dam.
Dam volume	moorings	Volume of the dam embankment. The sum of the materials that make up the dam.
Bank length	low tone	Length of dam embankment.
telemeter	stereotyped epithet	telemeter] A device that decodes, indicates, or records measured quantities sent as electrical signals from a distant place (from Shinjirin Sanseido). Telemeters at dams mainly transmit measurement data from rain gauges and water level gauges to the management office.
Top (Crest)	Pegasus	The upper part of the dam embankment.
conduit	(professional) group active at the same time	It is a channel that runs from the overflow area downstream of the dam to the dam dam attenuator, and is used to ensure the proper flow of water from the flood discharge.

"ha" column or row of the kana syllabary

word	furigana	meaning
buttress dam	ROTS	Also known as a "support wall dam," it is a dam with a concrete wall support system. There are only six such dams in Japan, and Mitaki Dam is the last buttress dam in Japan.
non-flood season	dried giant elephant ear stem from Higo province (eaten or used as a sex aid)	It mainly indicates the winter months and refers to a period of low precipitation. Therefore, the water level of the dam lake is higher.
emergency flood discharge	adjudicated judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction (judgement)	A gate that prevents a dam from overflowing during a flood.
Surface water intake system	Surface Mount Device	A facility that withdraws water from the surface where the water temperature is warmer than the lower levels. It has the advantage of not affecting crops and organisms.
fillet	I'm going to ...	A reinforcing thickening section installed upstream of the dam embankment. It is installed when the strength of the concrete dam cannot be maintained.
Combined Dam (combine dam)	compound damu (a compound damu being a compound damu of a compound verb)	A dam with both a concrete dam and a fill dam. The banks of the river where the dam is to be installed have different geological conditions, and usually a concrete dam is installed on the bank with firm ground, while a fill dam is installed on the bank with loose ground.
sub-dam	duplicate	Generally, a weir is installed on the downstream side of a dam to buffer water falling from the flood discharge.
unequal arch dam	Untouchable Ahtuadamu	Arch-type concrete dam: A dam with thickened concrete sections on both banks of the embankment. It is used for dams that add too much load to both banks.
drainpipe	drainpipe	A pipe installed for flood control and downstream discharge.

"ya" column or row of the kana syllabary

word	furigana	meaning
Effective water storage capacity	effective dose	The total storage capacity of a dam lake minus the sediment capacity and dead water volume.

"ra" column or row of the kana syllabary

word	furigana	meaning
radial gate	pornographic art	Fan-shaped gate. It is opened and closed around the fan.
irrigation and drainage system	RRS	A facility used to release water from a dam. It is mainly used when the downstream flow is low, or when the water level is lowered from the normal full level to the flood stage limit.
usable capacity	water-based fee	Capacity from the minimum water storage level to the full water level at all times.
lip wrap	riotous	They are installed on the outside of the embankment of a fill dam to protect the embankment from erosion by water.
Roller gate	translucent light-emitting diode	Rollers are attached to the plate of the gate for opening and closing. Even if high water pressure is applied to the gate, it can be opened and closed easily.
rockfill dam	Rokufirdam	A dam made of rock, sand, or soil. It is suitable for dams with soft bedrock on both sides of the dam. Therefore, they are not suitable for large dams.