"sa" column or row of the kana syllabary
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabarysacrificer
The stone rubbing method is one of the construction methods mainly used to install rockfill dams and other slopes....
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabaryTotal storage capacity
Total storage capacity is the sum of sediment storage capacity, dead water capacity, water diversion capacity, and flood control capacity. Although effective storage capacity is another numerical value that indicates the scale of water storage capacity, the ranking is almost always expressed in terms of total storage capacity. The unit is expressed in m3 (cubic meters).
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabaryselective water withdrawal
Selective water withdrawal refers to withdrawing water from a dam lake, which varies in temperature and turbidity depending on its depth, for different purposes. For example, water on the surface of a dam lake is warmed by the sun, so only this water is withdrawn and used for agricultural purposes, such as growing rice. Selective water intake is achieved by installing selective water intake facilities attached to the embankment or installed in the dam lake, which take in water from each layer and discharge it downstream.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabarydesign flood level
The design flood level is the water level of the dam lake at the time of the maximum flood that can be expected to occur once every 200 years (or the maximum flood flow in the past) during the dam's existence. It is assumed that the gates are fully opened and is taken into account as the highest water level that can be expected as a natural phenomenon.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabarywater rights
Water rights are the rights to use water from rivers and other sources. In the case of dams, they are divided into agricultural water, water supply water, and industrial water. Water rights can be broadly classified into two types: conventional water rights and permitted water rights. The former do not require notification if the water was taken before the River Law was enacted (before 1896) and is socially recognized, while the latter require permission from the river administrator (national or local government) based on the River Law.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabaryordinary flood discharge
A permanent flood discharge is a gate facility that allows water from a dam lake to flow downstream while regulating the flow. It is used for normal flood control, while an emergency flood discharge is used for floods that are too large to be discharged by the normal flood discharge. A permanent flood discharge is generally equipped with a gate, but there are also some that have no gate but a hole.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabarynormal level of water supply
The normal full water level is the highest water level that can be stored in the dam lake for water utilization purposes (water supply, irrigation, industrial water, etc.) during normal times (non-flooding). The water level can be used from this level to the lowest level. Each dam has its own set of operating rules, and the full water level is determined based on the elevation of each dam, and the rules for operating gates, etc. are based on this level.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabarygravity-fed concrete dam
A gravity-type concrete dam is a dam made of concrete that can support water pressure by its own weight. It requires a large amount of concrete to construct, and the foundation bedrock must be very solid. It is the most robust of the several types of dams and has high durability against earthquakes and floods.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabarygravity arch dam
A gravity arch dam is a dam that has the advantages of both gravity and arch concrete dams. The advantages are that it does not require a strong bedrock as in the case of an arch dam, and it does not require a large amount of concrete as in the case of a gravity concrete dam.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabarydead-water capacity
The dead water capacity is the capacity between the top of the sediment capacity and the lowest water level, and is set to maintain a certain water level. Since dead water itself is not a target for water utilization and the water level itself is below the intake, it is used for emergency pumping in case of abnormal drought.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabaryexperimental flood
Test flooding is a test to check whether there are any problems with the dam after its completion. The test waterflooding is to check if the dam can withstand the water pressure and if there is any leakage from the embankment, and is, in a sense, the "Tennozan" of dam construction.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabaryminimum water level
The minimum water level is the water level at the top of the sediment, assuming that the sediment capacity of the dam is horizontal. Water above this level can be used for irrigation and other purposes. Conversely, water below this level cannot be used, which means that in most cases there is no water intake below this level.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabarysurcharge water level
Surcharge means "overload" or "overload" and refers to the level at which water can be temporarily stored in a dam lake up to its limit during a flood event. It is the level of water that can be temporarily stored up to the limit of the dam lake in the event of a flood, which generally occurs once every 100 years. During test flooding, water is stored up to this level, and the test is conducted by gradually lowering the water level.
"sa" column or row of the kana syllabaryleft bank (of a river)
The left bank is the bank on the left side of a river when looking from upstream (upstream) to downstream (downstream). ⇔Right bank (Ugan)
In the old days, people living upstream watched boats carrying goods necessary for daily life from downstream, which gave rise to the expression of the upstream viewpoint.
