dam terminology

cable crane

A cable crane is a crane used in dam construction to transport materials and place concrete. Since they transport materials from the aggregate plant to the dam embankment, cables are usually stretched across the dam. Cable cranes themselves are not unique to dams, but those associated with dam construction are generally large, and sometimes only the crane foundations remain after the dam is completed.

"ka" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

reverse osmosis pond

Reverse control reservoirs exist at large hydroelectric power plants where the flow increases during the day and decreases at night. A "reverse control reservoir" is a dam that is also built downstream of a power plant to store water, and by releasing a certain amount of water, the flow downstream is regulated. Depending on the size of the dam, there are dams and weirs that serve as reverse control reservoirs.

"ka" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

base high-flow-rate

The base high water flow rate refers to the river flow rate (1/100 chance flow rate) at the time of a flood that is expected to occur once every 100 years (or once every 200 years) under the river conditions prior to dam construction. The term "Takamizu" is used to avoid mistakenly reading "Kozui" as "high water. The maximum value of this flow is the basis for flood control planning. When graphing, a graph called a "hydrograph" is created with time on the horizontal axis and flow rate on the vertical axis.

"ka" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

Foundation Ground

The foundation ground is the ground that supports the weight of the dam. In some dams, the foundation ground is quite deep. The embankment height, which expresses the height of the dam, is the height measured from the foundation ground to the top of the embankment. Therefore, some dams may actually appear lower than the embankment height.

"ka" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

corridor connecting an annex to a pond-side building (in traditional palatial-style architecture)

An audit corridor is a passageway used to check for damage inside the dam embankment. Normally, it is off-limits to all but authorized personnel. If permission is obtained, visitors may be allowed to take a special tour. However, if the dam is designated as a "dam open to the community," it may be used as a tour course, but in most cases it is a separate passage from the original audit corridor.

"ka" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

Temporary drainage tunnel

A temporary drainage tunnel is a kind of detour tunnel that is dug from upstream to downstream of a dam site during dam construction to divert overflowing upstream water downstream by damming the river. One of the temporary drainage channels. It is constructed to prevent overflow, to prevent the downstream river from becoming a waterless river, and to keep the construction site dry.

"ka" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

river law

The River Law is a current administrative law enacted in 1964 for the purpose of preventing floods and other disasters in Japan, maintaining normal functions, maintenance, conservation, and proper use of rivers. The Act defines and classifies rivers, and defines management facilities related to rivers.

"ka" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

orifice gate

An orifice gate is a discharge gate installed at a depth of less than 25 m below the full water level at any given time. It is mainly used to regulate the water level of the dam lake and the amount of water flowing downstream as flood control. It is sometimes used as a permanent flood discharge. Gates are often located near the middle or slightly above the middle of the embankment when viewed from downstream of the embankment.

"a" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

left bank (of a river)

The left bank is the bank on the left side of a river when looking from upstream (upstream) to downstream (downstream). ⇔Right bank (Ugan) In the old days, people living upstream watched boats carrying goods necessary for daily life from downstream, which gave rise to the expression of the upstream viewpoint.

"sa" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

right bank (shore)

The right bank is the bank on the right side of a river, looking from upstream (upstream) to downstream (downstream). ⇔Left bank (sagan) The expression "upstream perspective" came from the fact that in the past, people living upstream watched boats carrying goods necessary for daily life from downstream.

"a" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

arch dam

The shape of the dam allows the water pressure from the dam lake to be dispersed to the bedrock on both sides of the embankment, thus making the embankment itself thinner and reducing construction costs. However, this type of dam is only suitable for construction on bedrock that can support a considerable amount of water pressure.

"a" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

earth dam

A dam is made by layering soil as the material. Because it is relatively easy to construct, it is not suitable for large dams, but for small dams built in reservoirs. Most dams in Japan are of this type, but the exact number is unknown, including those with crest heights of 15 m or less. Historically, the Sayama Pond Dam in Osaka Prefecture is the oldest dam of this type in Japan.

"a" column or row of the kana syllabaryIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

RCD

RCD stands for "Roller Compacted Dam-concrete" and is an application of RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete), a construction method originally used for airport runway pavement in the U.S. and road pavement in Japan, to dams.

alphabetIntroduction to Damsdam terminology

CFRD

CFRD is an abbreviation for "Concrete Face Rockfill Dam." The literal translation is "Concrete Surface Barrier Rockfill Dam. The upstream face of a rockfill dam is covered with concrete to prevent water from seeping into the embankment. During the first decade or so after the war when this method was established, technical problems arose, such as unequal settlement and cracks.

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